ABC | Volume 110, Nº1, January 2018

Original Article González-Rivas et al Dyslipidemias in Venezuela Arq Bras Cardiol. 2018; 110(1):30-35 1. World Health Organization. (WHO). Global Health Observatory Data Repository country views. Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) statistics summary (2002 - present) [Internet]. [Accessed in 2015 Aug 6]. Available from: http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.country.country- VEN?lang=en 2. Yusuf S, Hawken S, Ounpuu S, Dans T, Avezum A, Lanas F, et al. Effect of potentially modifiable risk factors associated with myocardial infarction in 52 countries (the INTERHEART study): case-control study. Lancet. 2004;364(9438):937-52. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(04)17018-9. 3. O’Donnell MJ, Xavier D, Liu L, Zhang H, Chin SL, Rao-Melacini P, et al; INTERSTROKE investigators. Risk factors for ischaemic and intracerebral haemorrhagic stroke in 22 countries (the INTERSTROKE study): a case-control study.Lancet.2010;376(9735):112-23.doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60834-3. 4. 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Prevalence and risk factors associated with the metabolic syndrome and dyslipidemia in White, Black, Amerindian and Mixed Hispanics in Zulia State, Venezuela. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2005;69(1):63-77. doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2004.11.018. 8. Roeschlau P, Bernt E, GruberW. Enzymatic determination of total cholesterol in serum. Z Klin Chem Klin Biochem. 1974;12(5):226. PMID: 4440114. 9. Wahlefeld A, Hu B. Methods of enzymatic analysis. New York: Academic Press Inc; 1974. 10. Sugiuchi H, Uji Y, Okabe H, Irie T, Uekama K, Kayahara N, et al. Direct measurement of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in serum with polyethylene glycol-modified enzymes and sulfated alpha-cyclodextrin. Clin Chem. 1995;41(5):717-23. PMID: 7729051. 11. National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel onDetection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III). Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III) final report. Circulation. 2002;106(25):3143-421. PMID: 12485966. 12. Clinical Guidelines on the Identification, Evaluation, and Treatment of Overweight andObesity in Adults--The Evidence Report. National Institutes of Health. Obes Res. 1998;6 Suppl 2:51S-209S. PMID: 9813653. Erratum in: Obes Res 1998;6(6):464. 13. Aschner P, Buendia R, Brajkovich I, Gonzalez A, Figueredo R, Juarez XE, et al. Determination of the cutoff point for waist circumference that establishes the presenceofabdominal obesity inLatinAmericanmenandwomen.Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2011;93(2):243-7. doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2011.05.002. 14. Aguilar-Salinas CA, Olaiz G, Valles V, Torres JM, Gómez Pérez FJ, Rull JA, et al. High prevalence of low HDL cholesterol concentrations and mixed hyperlipidemia in a Mexican nationwide survey. J Lipid Res. 2001;42(8):1298-307. PMID: 11483632. 15. Ruiz-Fernández N, Espinoza M, Barrios E, Reigosa A. [Cardiometabolic factors in a comunity located at Valencia city, Venezuela]. Rev Salud Pública. 2009;11(3):383-94. PMID: 20027511. 16.DeOliveriaL,GarcíaE,TorresJ,RivasA.PrevalenciadeSíndromeMetabólicoen el Sector Olivett: El Junquito. Rev Venez Endocrinol Metab. 2006;4(3):16-42. 17. Marquez-Sandoval F, Macedo-Ojeda G, Viramontes-Horner D, Fernandez Ballart JD, Salas Salvado J, Vizmanos B. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Latin America: a systematic review. Public Health Nutr. 2011 Oct;14(10):1702-13. doi: 10.1017/S1368980010003320. References Conclusions This is the first report presenting the prevalence of dyslipidemia in more than one region of Venezuela. The results observed are consistent with other Latin American studies, reporting low HDL-c as the most frequent lipid alteration in the region. Additionally, high levels hypercholesterolemia were observed. Both conditions could be related with CVD, which represent a major public health problem in the region. A suggestion resulting from our findings is to monitor a complete lipid profile during medical check-ups, because in some Latin-American countries it is common to check only total cholesterol. The triggers of these changes need to be determined in future studies. The implementation of strategies focused in proper nutrition, more physical activity and avoiding weight gain is imperative. Author contributions Concep t i on and de s i gn o f t he r e s ea r ch and Acquisition of data: González-Rivas JP, Nieto‑Martínez R, Brajkovich I, Rísquez A; Analysis and interpretation of the data: González-Rivas JP, Nieto-Martínez R, Ugel E; Statistical analysis: González‑Rivas JP, Ugel E; Obtaining financing: Nieto‑Martínez R; Writing of the manuscript: González‑Rivas JP, Nieto-Martínez R; Critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content: González-Rivas JP, Nieto‑Martínez R, Brajkovich I, Ugel E, Rísquez A. Potential Conflict of Interest No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported. Sources of Funding There were no external funding sources for this study. Study Association This study is not associatedwith any thesis or dissertationwork. Ethics approval and consent to participate This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors. 34